{"id":393,"date":"2026-06-15T12:37:16","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T12:37:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/americanlivingreport.com\/?p=393"},"modified":"2026-06-15T12:37:16","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T12:37:16","slug":"were-not-as-helpless-against-dementia-as-we-think","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/americanlivingreport.com\/?p=393","title":{"rendered":"We\u2019re not as helpless against dementia as we think"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>I turned 48 this week, which meant it was time for my annual physical. After the usual battery of questions from my doctor \u2014 How much did I drink? Was I exercising? How was I sleeping? \u2014 it was my turn to ask a question. I had one prepared: Should I get the shingles vaccine?<\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/americanlivingreport.com\/?p=391\">How right-wing influencers are transforming America\u2019s churches<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>According to standard medical guidance, the answer would be no. The shingles vaccine is only recommended by the government for people 50 years or older; the only exceptions are adults whose immune systems are weakened by disease or treatment. And despite the way my back feels when I get out of bed each morning, I wasn\u2019t there quite yet. Our immune systems weaken as we age, but at 48, I was probably still capable of beating back the varicella-zoster virus that causes shingles (and chickenpox).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>And yet my doctor was open to the idea for the same reason that I was asking about it: because there is early but growing evidence that the shingles vaccine may be protective against neurodegenerative diseases like dementia. For someone my age, with more time behind me than in front of me, the possibility of developing those diseases \u2014 and the desire to do anything to prevent them \u2014 is suddenly looming large.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>I\u2019m far from alone. Dementia already afflicts more than 6 million Americans today, and a 2025 study in <em>Nature Medicine<\/em> estimated that the lifetime risk of developing dementia after age 55 is 42 percent, with higher figures for women, Black adults, and those who carry the APOE \u03b54 allele genetic variant, which is known to increase the risk for Alzheimer\u2019s. That same study projected new US cases of dementia would double by 2060, from 514,000 a year in 2020 to more than 1 million annually, due largely to population aging.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Behind those figures is a universe of suffering. Nearly everyone reading this has watched, or will watch, someone they love succumb to dementia. And once you get to my side of your 40s, that risk starts to feel less abstract and a lot more personal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Yet the frightening story of the rise in dementia cases as the US population ages obscures real progress that is already being made to prevent it \u2014 and the even greater progress that could follow. Dementia may feel inevitable, a cruel side effect of longer life. But it doesn\u2019t have to be.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2><strong>Dementia epidemiology 101<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The <em>Nature<\/em> study is about incidence \u2014 new cases, not the total number of people living with dementia. Separate CDC estimates project nearly 14 million older Americans living with Alzheimer\u2019s disease, the most common form of dementia, by 2060.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>But the rate hasn\u2019t been holding steady \u2014 it\u2019s been dropping. A 2020 study that drew on data from six countries across Europe and North America found that age-specific dementia incidence for people of European ancestry had fallen about 13 percent per decade since the late 1980s, and around 16 percent per decade for clinical Alzheimer\u2019s. A 2016 study tracked five-year dementia rates across four periods between the late 1970s and the early 2000s and found them steadily falling, ultimately dropping 44 percent by the most recent period. The authors of the 2020 study project that if the decline in incidence remains steady in the future, 15 million fewer people might develop dementia by 2040 across high-income countries than if the incidence of the disease remained unchanged.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>That good news may not be shared by everyone. The 2016 study found that the decline only showed up among people with at least a high school diploma \u2014 more on that below \u2014 and even then, it wasn\u2019t evenly shared. And the sheer increase in older people means that a continually dropping incidence only blunts the coming dementia wave, rather than blocking it. One study of older adults in England actually found dementia incidence falling through 2008 and then creeping back up; the researchers also found that when you account for the fact that people headed toward dementia tend to die earlier, the drop gets much harder to see. What\u2019s fallen before can rise again.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>But what this likely means in practice is that a person turning 80 today is meaningfully less likely to have dementia than a person who turned 80 a generation ago. And it\u2019s reasonable to hope the same will hold for whoever turns 80 next \u2014 like, say, me.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The question, though, is why.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2><strong>How we learned to fight dementia without realizing it<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Here\u2019s a veteran health journalist tip: if anyone ever asks you why something is improving in public health, just attribute it to the decline in smoking. There\u2019s a decent chance you\u2019ll be right.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>While Alzheimer\u2019s is a brain disease, and dementia is the umbrella term for several kinds of cognitive decline, there is a growing consensus that they are deeply driven by vascular health \u2014 meaning what damages your heart and blood vessels is ultimately what damages your mind. Thanks to the development of blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering medicines, better heart disease and stroke management, and perhaps most of all, drastic reductions in smoking, cardiovascular health has been improving. Even with the rise of obesity and diabetes, most vascular risk factors have decreased over the same time that dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s prevalence fell.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The rise in education over the same time period may play a role as well. Americans turning 80 today went to school during a great mid-century expansion in education, while their parents were schooled \u2014 or rather, not schooled \u2014 in the 1920s and \u201930s. In 1940, only 24.5 percent of Americans 25 and older had a high school diploma, and  had completed a bachelor\u2019s degree or more. By 2017, high school completion had reached 90 percent, and the share of people with a bachelor\u2019s or more had hit 34 percent. And researchers have correlated higher education attainment with lower dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s rates.<\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/americanlivingreport.com\/?p=389\">First comes marriage. Then comes a flirtatious colleague.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Now repeat after me: correlation is not causation. Researchers don\u2019t really know why more years of schooling seem to be associated with a lower risk of dementia, though there are theories that education might boost the brain\u2019s \u201ccognitive reserve.\u201d But the hopeful take is that the decline in incidence is largely driven by behaviors and life conditions we can change. And one of the most unexpected and promising acts is something as simple as routine vaccination.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2><strong>The vaccine you need to know about<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Last April, I wrote about what I called \u201cone of the brightest spots in an otherwise dark field\u201d: a study in Wales that found that older adults who received a vaccine against shingles were 20 percent less likely to develop dementia in the seven years following vaccination than those who did not receive it. It wasn\u2019t a randomized trial, but it was stronger than the usual observational association: the study harnessed a natural experiment in Wales, where vaccine eligibility turned on a birthday cutoff, meaning it was less likely that the results were because vaccinated people were simply healthier.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Earlier this year, a study in Canada looked at hundreds of thousands of people over the age of 70 and, like the Welsh study, found that those who had taken the shingles vaccine were less likely to develop dementia. And a new analysis from late 2025 of the data in the Welsh study found that the vaccine was associated with benefits that went beyond prevention \u2014 it also seemed to slow the disease for those with dementia and reduced deaths attributable to it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The shingles vaccine in the Welsh study was an older, live-virus version; the current vaccine is a newer recombinant form that can\u2019t accidentally cause shingles, and another study found it was associated with even greater protection from dementia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>These findings are promising but still leave plenty of questions. The Welsh live-vaccine study found a larger apparent benefit in women, who also suffer higher rates of dementia. But the pattern is not settled: the newer recombinant-vaccine study found an association in both men and women, though stronger in women. Shingles may be connected to dementia, though the evidence is still messy: A large 2025 health-records study found recurrent shingles was associated with a modestly higher dementia risk than a single episode, while earlier evidence has been more mixed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Shingles occurs when the dormant varicella zoster virus \u2014 the same virus that causes chickenpox \u2014 reactivates. It\u2019s possible that the resulting neural inflammation may feed dementia. A randomized controlled trial published in December tested a related herpes-virus idea, treating 120 adults with early Alzheimer\u2019s or mild cognitive impairment \u2014 all with evidence of prior herpes simplex infection \u2014 with a medication called valacyclovir. After 18 months, researchers found no significant advantage over a placebo, dampening hopes that herpes antivirals could be an effective Alzheimer\u2019s treatment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>That\u2019s a real strike against the simplest version of the theory that the virus itself is rotting the brain. But it could mean that the shingles vaccine\u2019s possible protective effects don\u2019t come from shingles at all. A 2025 study found that the newer shingles vaccine and an RSV vaccine that share the same AS01 immune-boosting adjuvant were each associated with lower 18-month dementia risk compared with flu vaccination, and researchers did not find a statistically significant difference between the two AS01 vaccines. The implication is that the benefit might come from giving an aging immune system a jolt, rather than from any one bug it\u2019s aimed at.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2><strong>You can protect yourself<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>But as the vaccine science sorts itself out, there are lifestyle changes you can make to help protect yourself without getting a shot. A 2024 <em>Lancet<\/em> commission found that, in principle, up to 45 percent of dementia cases could be prevented or delayed by addressing 14 risk factors, including not smoking; lowering high LDL cholesterol in midlife; treating hearing loss, especially from midlife on; and limiting obesity. The key period here is midlife, which the commission defined (rather widely in my opinion) as 18-65. Which, for someone my age, means there\u2019s no better time to focus on prevention.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>I don\u2019t know whether I\u2019ll go ahead and try to get the shingles vaccine early, and to be clear, I\u2019m not telling anyone they should. The science is still uncertain, and I am, obviously, not a medical doctor. But the lifestyle factors that have been shown to protect against dementia \u2014 which are largely the same ones that help cardiovascular health \u2014 can be adopted by everyone, for their health now and in the future.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>No one knows for sure what the future holds, for me or for you. What\u2019s certain is that, barring a medical miracle, the sheer number of dementia cases will continue to rise as our population ages, and that some of us will be in that number. But that doesn\u2019t mean we\u2019re helpless.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><em>A version of this story originally appeared in the Good News newsletter. Sign up here!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/americanlivingreport.com\/?p=387\">What we lose when we stop writing by hand<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><span>See More<!-- -->:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Future Perfect<\/li>\n<li>Good News<\/li>\n<li>Health<\/li>\n<li>Health Care<\/li>\n<li>Mental Health<\/li>\n<li>Policy<\/li>\n<li>Public Health<\/li>\n<li>Vaccines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>US dementia cases are projected to double by 2060. But age-specific risk has fallen about 13 percent per decade \u2014 and up to 45 percent of dementia may be preventable.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":392,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interesting"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>We\u2019re not as helpless against dementia as we think - American Living Report<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/americanlivingreport.com\/?p=393\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"We\u2019re not as helpless against dementia as we think - American Living Report\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"US dementia cases are projected to double by 2060. 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